Eye cancer is rare, but it’s serious. It can start in the eye or spread to the eye from other parts of the body. Knowing the basics—types of cancer, signs to watch for, and how to lower your risk—can help you protect your vision and health.
Types of Eye Cancer
Cancers That Start in the Eye
- Ocular Melanoma:
This is the most common eye cancer in adults. It begins in cells that make pigment (color) inside the eye, usually behind the retina. Sometimes it starts in the iris—the colored part of your eye. Iris melanomas usually grow slowly. - Primary Intraocular Lymphoma:
A rare form of lymphoma (cancer of the immune system) that happens inside the eye, more often in people with weak immune systems. - Retinoblastoma:
A cancer that affects young children. It starts in the retina and can spread if not treated quickly. Parents often notice something unusual in photos, like a white glow in the child’s eye.
Cancers That Spread to the Eye
- Ocular Metastases:
The most common eye cancer overall. It happens when cancer from another part of the body—like the breast or lung—travels to the eye. - Orbital Cancers:
Affect the tissues around the eye, like muscles and nerves. - Adnexal Cancers:
Involve the eyelids or tear glands.
Spotlight on Ocular Melanoma
- What It Is: Similar to skin melanoma, but inside the eye.
- Where It Happens: Usually behind the retina, sometimes in the iris.
- Why It Matters: It can spread to other organs, especially the liver.
- Signs to Watch For: Blurry vision, floaters, or changes in how your eye looks.
- Treatment: Radiation, laser therapy, or surgery—depending on size and spread.
How to Lower Your Risk
You can’t prevent all eye cancers, but you can take steps to protect your eyes:
- Wear Sunglasses:
Choose ones that block UV rays. Wraparound styles give the best coverage. - Use Sunscreen Around Your Eyes:
Pick gentle, mineral-based products for sensitive skin. - Wear a Hat:
A wide-brimmed hat adds extra protection from the sun. - Live Healthy:
Eat a well-balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol intake. A strong immune system helps protect your body. - Get Yearly Eye Exams:
Early detection is key. Eye doctors can spot problems before they get worse. Do you have Davis Vision or Superior Vision? Go here to find a provider near you.
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